Robertson scored his 400th career goal as he extended his goal streak to at least one (11 in total) in seven straight games.
Dallas got out to a commanding 4-0 lead in the first period with goals from Jamie Benn (1), Roope Hintz (6) (assisted by Robertson), Nathan Bastian (2), and Sam Steel (3).
Edmonton's Connor Clattenburg (1) scored his first career goal to put Edmonton on the board to start the second period.
But Robertson responded with his record-setting goal, his 14th on the season.
Dallas would go on to outscore Edmonton 3-2 the rest of the games, thanks to goals from Wyatt Johnston (12), on which Robertson picked up his second assist of the game, Justin Hryckowian (3), and Nathan Bastian (3).
After Edmonton pulled starting goalie Stuart Skinner for giving up four goals on just eight save attempts, backup Calvin Pickard didn't do much better by giving up four goals on 22 save attempts.
Dallas improved to 14-5-4 on the year as they currently sit at No. 2 in the Western Conference below the Colorado Avalanche. It's now the second time this month that Dallas had gotten the better of Edmonton.
They beat them in a shootout 4-3 back on November 4th.
As for Edmonton, they fell to 10-10-5 this season. They sit just below the Vancouver Canucks for most goals (85) given up this season, a year removed.
In the month of November, the Oilers' goalie unit has given up at least four goals or more in seven of their 13 games so far in the month of November.